Life cycle of a pipeline
管道生命周期的各个方面，从设计、建造到运营和退役，都由我们全面的运营管理系统指导，并受到监管机构和政府部门的严格监督. 这就是为什么每一个TC能源管道都严格和精确地用高质量的材料和最新的成熟技术建造, and monitored by expert staff, every step of the way.
Take the journey with us, 并了解管道的生命周期，从规划到监测和超越.
Planning and approvals
早在铲起一铲土之前，对能源的需求就已经摆在了第一位. Once that's established, 经过一系列申请和批准，制定了详细的计划. Here's an overview:
Route selection
设计新管道最重要的因素之一是确定其路线. Where possible, TC能源公司尽量减少路线长度，并利用现有的管道通行权或其他先前建立的走廊, to reduce social and environmental impacts.
Where a new right-of-way must be established, TC Energy works with landowners, 利益攸关方和土著群体确保收集有价值的信息并将其纳入最终路线.
Field work
Our team goes on site to perform detailed studies, conduct surveys and to engineer the overall design.
Community and Indigenous engagement
我们很早就与当地社区见面，并经常进行对话, gather input and share our plans. 我们都为我们与土地所有者的关系感到自豪和承诺, municipalities and Indigenous groups across North America.
Land and Environmental assessment
We respect the land and the environment. That’s why we always:
- 收集和分析数据，了解项目的潜在影响
- Consider impacts to soil, vegetation, wildlife, cultural and historical resources, current land use, traditional land use and aquatic resources
- 制定环境保护计划，以尽量减少和减轻项目建设的影响
Application and Regulatory Approval
一旦我们整合了反馈并准备好了我们的申请，我们就会提交给监管机构审查.
我们的监管申请包含有关管道项目的所有必要信息-包括拟议路线的所有内容, to the number of municipalities, 到候鸟栖息地和其他敏感栖息地或物种的位置. 监管机构对项目申请提出具体问题并不罕见. 当他们这样做时，我们会提交回复，并确保他们的问题得到全面的回答.
Construction
我们只使用高质量的材料和最新的成熟技术. 我们的管道建设的所有阶段都是由TC能源承包商完成的，他们必须符合我们严格的资格和标准.
Temporary workspace
Temporary workspace is required, such as access roads, contractor yards and camps, allowing us to further prepare for the work to come.
Clearing, Grading, Topsoil Stripping
一旦测量完成，各种类型的设备被用来清理路权. 在这个阶段，环境保护计划中列出的保护野生动物和植被的措施也已经完成.
A safe working surface is then prepared. 这可能包括通过剥离和储存表土层和分级底土来准备该区域, or in some areas where conditions allow, 干扰可以减少，工作可以继续，同时保持表面材料完好无损.
我们的承包商将从路权上移走的表土分开并保存, so it can be replaced once construction is complete. 表土保持确保在建设后保持或重建同等的土地容量和生物多样性.
Trenching and Ditching
工作人员使用反铲挖掘机和其他专业机械沿着路权挖沟. 管道埋在安全的地下深度，符合监管要求.
Water Crossing
Safeguarding water is a top priority. 收集有关拟议管道路权沿线水体的信息, including studies of the aquatic environment – such as water flow, bank stability, the quantity and quality of fish habitat, wildlife and vegetation. For all water crossings, 对生态系统建设后的恢复能力进行了认真的考虑.
Stringing
串接是将预先涂覆的管道放置在沟槽旁边的过程.
Bending
Depending on the terrain and route of the trench, 我们可能需要用特殊的机器来弯管，以确保精确配合.
Welding, Inspection, Coating
Once the segments of pipe are lined up, welding can begin. 各种工艺和技术确保我们的高质量钢管焊接在一起. 每个连接都经过检查，必须符合严格的安全和质量保证要求.
Throughout construction, 所有焊缝都通过x射线或超声波检查，以确保每个焊缝完好无损，管道安全.
The surface of the pipeline is coated for protection. 在管道已经焊接的地方，应用液态环氧树脂来帮助保护焊缝. After coating, 一种被称为“jeeping”的技术可以检测涂层中的碎片或缺陷, if required, a new coat is applied to the affected area.
Lowering-in/Tie-ins
The welded pipeline is lowered into the trench with side booms.
A separate crew completes the final welds (tie-ins), connecting continuous lengths of pipeline to the existing system.
Backfilling and Padding
In the final step of construction, 用原有底土和表土回填沟槽，覆盖管道. 在某些情况下，如果地形是岩石，可能需要填充物来保护管道涂层.
Post-Construction
What happens once the pipes are in the ground, and the earth is moved back into place, filling the trench and covering the pipeline.
Testing
Once the trench is backfilled, a series of tests are completed. One key test is called hydrostatic testing, which verifies the pipeline's integrity. 水被放入管道中，并被加压到高于管道正常运行时所承受的水平. If a leak occurs during testing, 我们修理或更换受影响的部分，在测试并认为安全之前，我们不会将其投入使用.
Cathodic Protection
一种叫做阴极保护的极低电压电流被施加到管道上. The applied current protects the pipe from corrosion. 定期对阴极保护系统进行监控，确保阴极保护系统正常运行.
Clean up and Land Restoration
The final step of construction is to reclaim the right-of-way. 十分注意确保在建造后保持或重建同等的土地能力和生物多样性.
Monitoring
Our number one priority is your safety. 我们的目标是确保我们的管道每天安全运行，并确保公众, 我们的员工和环境从未受到涉及我们资产的事件的负面影响. Here's how we do it.
Control centres
我们的整个管道传输系统由训练有素的TC能源员工在计算机化操作控制中心全天24小时监控. 卫星技术每五秒钟向中心发送信息，以确保管道流量的连续测量和监测, pressure, temperature and equipment status.
这是TC能源密切监测管道沿线状况的众多方式之一，以确保其为公众安全运行, our employees and the environment.
Our pipelines are also monitored in other ways, including:
• Overhead fly-bys by planes
• On-the-ground inspections
• 'Smart-pig' inspections,which perform
micro-inspections inside of our pipelines
In the rare instance of an alert, 我们的系统会通知操作员，以便采取适当的应对措施.
Emergency preparedness and response
We have a top industry record for safe operations; however, 我们仍然相信每一起事故都是可以预防的，并继续朝着实现零安全事故的目标全球十大赌博靠谱平台. 当出现问题时，为罕见的情况做好准备是我们确保运营所在社区安全的承诺的一部分.
In the event of an emergency, our goal is to ensure an effective, 协调应对，遏制和控制任何事件，以尽量减少对人员的伤害, property, the environment and company operations.
Learn more about our emergency preparedness planning.
Public safety and awareness
我们的管道安全计划是业内最强大的. 从管道完整性倡议到投资于泄漏检测技术和公众意识项目, safety is the common link behind everything we do.
Continual innovation and technology advancements
For over half a century, 我们在测试新技术方面发挥了重要作用，以最大限度地提高管道效率——从安全改进到减少排放等等. 这一切都是为了确保我们的管道及其服务的社区的安全.
End of Pipeline Life Cycle
TC能源承诺在整个生命周期内安全负责地管理管道资产，包括当管道和设施不再需要服务时，最终退役或永久退役(监管机构称之为“废弃”的过程).
欲了解更多全球十大赌博靠谱平台的管道生命周期终止计划的信息，请访问:
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